The Global Carbon Trading Market: Concepts, Regulations and Industry Trends to be able to 2020

GBI Research's report, "The Global Carbon Trading Market - Concepts, Regulations and Industry Trends for you to 2020" gives an in-depth study about the worldwide carbon stock trading market. The report delivers modern facts for the value, quantity along with price of your emissions traded in with primary project-based mechanisms including Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Joint Implementation (JI) as well as this CDM, along with free economies such as the EU Emission Trading System (ETS), New South Wales Exchange, Chicago Climate Exchange, that Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) in addition to Assigned Amount Units (AAUs). The review delivers a scenario-based predict associated with your carbon industry around 2020. The review supplies a summary about many carbon dioxide registries, carbo n trades and your important companies playing that carbon trade. The research work gives indispensable test involving possibility and opportunities to the corporate from the carbon concern environment. Regulatory initiatives in order to abate environment adjust include spawned a strong emerging carbon dioxide marketplace that will increased from compound total progress price (CAGR) of 89% to succeed in $138.3 thousand with 2009. The EU's pursuits to build a broad, around the world linked carbon market, the particular prospective US Federal cap-and-trade program and the sturdy emergence of various other local market place investing mechanisms will certainly travel the actual carbon market place significantly over and above 2012.

Scope

Key marketplace facts around the amount and also sector worth of carbon dioxide allowances, covering the two project-based ventures in addition to allowance-based purchases coming from 2004€2009. Analysis on most world carbon marketplace deals € the EU Emission Trading System (ETS), New South Wales Exchange, Chicago Climate Exchange, the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), Australian Climate Exchange, World Green Exchange etc. Historic charges developments intended for carbon dioxide around several deals in addition to project-based transactions from 2005€2009. Forecasts in the worldwide carbon buying and selling market place way up in order to 2020 dependant on probable scenarios that may present themselves inside the future. Impact assessment involving crucial carbon regulations plus procedures in addition to their effect on this development involving world wide carbon dioxide buying and selling market. Analyzes market-based technology for example qualification plus models found in carbon dioxide stock trading within 2009. Overview upon expenditure of money firms, facilities as well as vitality service providers, advisory companies, economical firms, broker firms, carbon answer suppliers along with auditing agencies participating in carbon trade. Key emission exchanging corporations covered include things like 3 Degrees Incorporated, APX Incorporated, Baker & McKenzie, Blue Source, CantorCO2e, Climate Focus plus Credit Suisse Assessment regarding risk and also opportunities to the corporate and business inside carbon concern environment

Reasons in order to buy

Navigate the actual carbon emission industry landscaping through specific examination in the current carbon current market makeup and probable changes Identify the most offering geography in order to put money into vitality effectiveness in addition to replenish-able vitality projects, so that you can reduce carbon taxes. Identify the the majority of promising geography to invest from the non-traditional and also renewable vigor sectors to lessen carbon taxes. Develop custom approaches for several geographies depending on the actual stringency belonging to the carbon dioxide coverage inside respective geography. Develop business systems while using help involving precise experience into policy options being ingested about the carbon dioxide credit buy and sell simply by EU 27, this US, Australia and other developed plus rising nations around the world worldwide. Identify hazards connected to tightening carbon dioxide emission covering and renovate all of them straight into opportunities with regard to potential growth.

1 Table of Contents 6

1.1 List associated with Tables 8 1.2 List of Figures 9

2 Introduction 10

2.1 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions along with Their Impact on Global Carbon Trading Markets 10 2.1.1 Impact of Greenhouse Gases about Ecology 10 2.1.2 Naturally Occurring Carbon Cycle 11 2.1.3 Global Initiatives to Reduce Carbon Footprint 12

3 Origins associated with Carbon Trading Market as well as Exchanges 14

3.1 Evolution regarding Carbon Trading Market 14 3.2 Global along with Regional Carbon Exchanges 15

4 Kyoto Protocol, a Precursor regarding Emissions Trading Systems 17

4.1 Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) 19 4.1.1 CDM Project Activity Cycle 20 4.1.2 Joint Implementation (JI) along with Assigned Amount Unit (AAU) 20 4.1.3 Emission Trading 28

5 Global Carbon Trading Market: Dynamics as well as Statistics 29

5.1 Global Carbon Trading Market Overview 29 5.2 Global Allowance Markets 31 5.2.1 The EU Emission Trading Scheme: Still the Most Prominent Carbon Market 32 5.2.2 The US Market 33 5.2.3 The Australian Market 35 5.3 Global Project-based Market 36 5.3.1 Primary Project-based Market 37 5.3.2 Secondary Project-based Market 56 5.4 Post 2012 Market Uncertainty: Scenario Based Forecast to 2020 57 5.4.1 Linear Growth: Moderate Market using Current Programs in addition to Policies 57 5.4.2 Scaling Up: Implementation connected with US Cap-and-Trade Program as well as EU Integrated Systems 59 5.4.3 Global Reach: Collaboration connected with EU, your US and also Developing Nations 61

6 Global Carbon Credits Market Policy Framework Facilitating Emissions Trading 63

6.1 Overview regarding Regulatory Framework intended for Emission Trading Systems 63 6.1.1 American Clean Energy and also Security Act plus it is Implications 63 6.1.2 European Union's Climate Change Policy 64 6.1.3 Climate Change Initiatives throughout Canada and also Prospects pertaining to Emissions Trading 67 6.1.4 Australia's Climate Change Initiatives will certainly Aid the Emission Trading Mechanism 67 6.2 Increasing Role connected with International Emissions Trading along with International Emissions Trading Association (IETA) around Boosting the Market 68 6.2.1 Objectives of IETA 68 6.2.2 Programs simply by IETA 68 6.3 Various Regulatory Frameworks and Regional Initiatives in that US 69 6.3.1 American Clean Energy plus Security Act involving 2009 70 6.3.2 Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) inside the US 71 6.3.3 California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 AB 32 73 6.3.4 Western Climate Initiative (WCI) 73 6.3.5 Midwestern Regional GHG Reduction Accord (MGGRA) 74 6.3.6 EPA Climate Leaders 74 6.3.7 Hawaii Global Warming Solutions Act regarding 3 years ago 74 6.4 European Union Emissions Trading System Promotes Emissions Trading Market 75 6.4.1 EU ETS 75 6.4.2 Revised EU ETS 75 6.5 Japan's Keidanren Voluntary Action Plan and Other Voluntary Markets 77 6.6 Emission Reduction Schemes connected with Australia 78 6.6.1 New South Wales Greenhouse Gas Abatement Scheme 78 6.6.2 Greenhouse Challenge Plus 78 6.6.3 Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme 78 6.7 Canadian Government's Measures in addition to Initiatives Drive Carbon Trading 79 6.8 Global Carbon Credits Standards 79 6.8.1 American Carbon Registry Standard 80 6.8.2 The Climate Action Reserve Protocols 81 6.8.3 The CarbonFix Standard 81 6.8.4 Chicago Climate Exchange Offsets Program 81 6.8.5 Climate, Community, along with Biodiversity Standards 81 6.8.6 EPA Climate Leaders Offset Guidance 81 6.8.7 Greenhouse Gas Services Standard 81 6.8.8 The Gold Standard 82 6.8.9 Greenhouse Friendly 82 6.8.10 ISO 14064 Standards 82 6.8.11 Plan Vivo 82 6.8.12 Social Carbon Standard 82 6.8.13 TUV NORD Climate Change Standard and also VER+ Standard 82 6.8.14 Voluntary Carbon Standard 83

7 Competitive Landscape involving Emission Trading Companies 84

7.1 several Degrees Incorporated 84 7.2 APX Incorporated 84 7.3 Baker & McKenzie 84 7.4 Blue Source 84 7.5 CantorCO2e 84 7.6 Climate Focus 85 7.7 Credit Suisse 85 7.8 EcoSecurities Group 85 7.9 Equator LLC 85 7.10 MGM International 85 7.11 Natsource 85 7.12 RNK Capital LLC 86 7.13 Sterling Planet, Incorporated 86 7.14 Tradition Financial Services/TFS Energy/TFS Green 86 7.15 TUV SUD America 86

8 Corporate Sustainability in a very Changing Landscape 87

8.1 Carbon Exposure Risks 87 8.2 Carbon Exposure Opportunities 88 8.3 Carbon Emission Intensity by way of Sector 88 8.4 Companies usually are Expanding that Horizons connected with Sustainability Practices € New Initiatives within Carbon Sustainability 89 8.4.1 Chevron Corporation € Multifaceted Response to Climate Change 89 8.4.2 Walmart Stores, Inc. € Sustainability Mandate through the entire Supply Chain 91 8.4.3 General Electric Co. € Ecomagination Initiative, Revenue Opportunities from Climate Change Solutions 92

9 Appendix 94

9.1 About GBI Research 94 9.2 Abbreviations 94 9.3 Methodology 96 9.3.1 Coverage 97 9.3.2 Secondary Research 97 9.3.3 Primary Research 97 9.3.4 Expert Panel Validation 98 9.4 Contact Us 98 9.5 Disclaimer 98